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04-An Exciting Trip

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本文出现的语法知识

一、同位语

同位语的作用:

提供额外的信息,使句子更加清晰。

同位语的特点:

  • 一般紧跟被解释的名词(如上句中的 brother、Alice Springs)。
  • 非限制性同位语通常用逗号隔开(即可以省略,而不影响句子主要意思)。
  • 限制性同位语不加逗号(如果去掉,就会影响理解)。
  • I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim.(Tim为 brother 的同位语)
  • He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia.

这里的逗号表明 “a small town in the centre of Australia” 是额外信息,并非句子主干内容,如果去掉,句子依然完整。

二、a great number of

"a great number of" 意为 "大量的,许多的",用于修饰 可数名词复数,表示数量多。

示例:

  • A great number of students attended the lecture.(大量学生参加了讲座。)
  • There are a great number of books in the library.(图书馆里有很多书。)
  • A great number of tourists visit this city every year.(每年有大量游客访问这座城市。)

注意:

  • "a great number of" 只能用于可数名词的复数,不能用于不可数名词。
  • 谓语动词要与复数主语保持一致,使用复数形式

1. 近义词扩展

短语适用名词含义示例
a great number of可数名词复数大量的A great number of students are in the hall.
a large number of可数名词复数大量的A large number of books are available.
a vast number of可数名词复数非常大量的A vast number of birds migrate every year.
a considerable number of可数名词复数相当数量的A considerable number of changes have been made.
numerous可数名词复数许多的,大量的Numerous examples can be found in the text.

2. "a great number of" vs. "a lot of" vs. "plenty of"

表达适用对象语境示例
a great number of可数名词复数正式A great number of employees attended the meeting.
a large number of可数名词复数正式A large number of applicants applied for the job.
a lot of可数 & 不可数口语化A lot of people came to the party. / A lot of water was wasted.
plenty of可数 & 不可数口语化,带有“足够多”或“充足”之意Plenty of students joined the club. / Plenty of time is left.
  • 正式场合 → 用 "a great number of" / "a large number of"
  • 日常口语 → 用 "a lot of" / "plenty of"

总结:

  • "a great number of" / "a large number of"最常见的表达。
  • "a vast number of"更强调“极大量”
  • "a considerable number of"表示“相当多,但不至于极多”
  • "numerous"更简洁,书面用语,可直接替换 "a great number of"。
  • 在正式语境中使用 "a great number of",在口语中可用 "a lot of"

三、soon

"Soon" 是一个 副词,表示 “很快”、“不久”,用于描述某个事件或动作将在短时间内发生。以下是 "soon" 的常见用法、句型搭配及注意事项:


1. "Soon" 的常见搭配

(1) 与助动词搭配

  • will/shall + soon:表示未来即将发生
    👉 I will call you soon.(我很快会给你打电话。)
    👉 She shall return soon.(她很快就会回来。)

  • have to + soon:表示必须尽快做某事
    👉 We have to leave soon.(我们必须尽快离开。)

(2) 与比较级搭配

  • sooner or later:迟早,总有一天
    👉 You will understand it sooner or later.(你迟早会明白的。)

  • the sooner, the better:越快越好
    👉 The sooner we start, the better.(我们越快开始越好。)

(3) 与 "how" 搭配

  • How soon...?(多久之后?)
    👉 How soon will he be back?(他多久之后会回来?)
    👉 How soon can we start?(我们多久之后可以开始?)

(4) 与否定词搭配

  • not soon:不会很快
    👉 He will not recover soon.(他不会很快康复。)
    👉 I don’t think we will meet soon.(我不认为我们会很快见面。)

2. "Soon" vs. "Early" 的区别

"Soon" 和 "early" 都表示“时间短”或“尽快”,但用法不同。

单词含义示例
soon强调 动作或事件 发生在不久的将来He will arrive soon.(他很快会到。)
early强调 时间点 发生在预期之前He arrived early.(他到得很早。)

🚀 总结:

  • soon = "不久后"(时间间隔短),通常用于未来时。
  • early = "早"(比预期时间提前),可以用于过去、现在或未来。

3. "Soon" 的一些固定搭配

短语含义例句
as soon as possible (ASAP)尽快Reply to my email as soon as possible.(尽快回复我的邮件。)
see you soon很快再见*Bye! See you soon! (再见!很快见!)
sooner rather than later越快越好We need to fix the issue sooner rather than later.(我们需要尽快解决这个问题。)

4. 近义词替换

虽然 "soon" 很常见,但在不同语境下,我们也可以用其他副词替换它:

近义词程度例句
shortly时间间隔很短The manager will arrive shortly.(经理马上就到。)
quickly速度快He ate his lunch quickly.(他很快吃完了午餐。)
immediately立即Please respond immediately.(请立即回复。)
promptly迅速地The train departed promptly at 7 AM.(火车7点准时出发。)

5. 总结

  • "Soon" 表示不久之后,即将发生的动作,可以放在句首、句中或句尾。
  • 常用于 助动词 will/shall、比较级、否定句、疑问句(How soon...?) 结构中。
  • "Soon" ≠ "Early","soon" 侧重 即将发生,"early" 侧重 时间点提前
  • 可以用 shortly, immediately, quickly, promptly 等副词代替 "soon"。

四、has/have never been

表示某人或某物从过去到现在一直没有经历过某种状态或情况。

  • He has never been so happy.(他从未如此开心。)
  • This place has never been so crowded before.(这个地方以前从未如此拥挤。)

"has never been" 的常见搭配

(1) has never been to + 地点(从未去过某地)

  • 👉 He has never been to the USA.(他从未去过美国。)
  • 👉 They have never been to a foreign country.(他们从未去过外国。)

(2) has never been + 形容词(从未处于某种状态)

  • 👉 She has never been so tired.(她从未如此疲惫。)
  • 👉 This city has never been this quiet.(这座城市从未如此安静。)

(3) has never been + 过去分词(某事从未被做过)

  • 👉 This book has never been published.(这本书从未被出版。)
  • 👉 The building has never been renovated.(这栋楼从未被翻新。)

(4) has never been better / worse(从未更好/更糟)

  • 👉 I have never been better.(我从未感觉更好过。)
  • 👉 Our team has never been worse.(我们的团队从未更糟糕过。)

五、he is finding this trip very exciting

1. 句子成分分析

成分单词/短语解释
主语 (S)He句子的主体,指代“他”
谓语 (V)is finding现在进行时,表示正在进行的动作
宾语 (O)this trip动词 finding 的直接宾语,指“这次旅行”
宾语补足语 (OC)very exciting补充说明 this trip,表示“令人兴奋”

2. 语法结构

这句话采用了 "find + 宾语 + 宾补" 的句型。

(1) find + 宾语 + 形容词(宾补)

  • find 在这里的意思是 “认为/觉得”,后面可以接宾语 + 形容词补语:
    • I find the movie interesting.(我觉得这部电影很有趣。)
    • She finds the book boring.(她觉得这本书很无聊。)

(2) 现在进行时

  • is finding现在进行时(be + v-ing),表明这个“发现/感受”的过程正在进行中。
  • 在日常口语中,find 通常是一般现在时(He finds this trip exciting.),但在这里用 进行时表示一种逐渐加深的体验或感受,比如:
    • He is finding the course quite challenging.(他渐渐觉得这门课程很有挑战性。)
    • I’m finding this book really helpful.(我越来越觉得这本书很有帮助。)

3. 句型拓展

句型示例
find + 宾语 + 形容词She finds the test difficult.(她觉得这次考试很难。)
find + 宾语 + 名词They found him a great teacher.(他们认为他是个很棒的老师。)
find + 宾语 + 现在分词I found him sleeping in the garden.(我发现他在花园里睡觉。)
find + 宾语 + 过去分词She found the door locked.(她发现门被锁了。)